Glossary

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.com: A domain name used by commercial enterprises.
.gif: Graphics Interchange Format, and pronounced jiff or giff (hard g). A bit-mapped graphics file format used by the World Wide Web, CompuServe and many BBS's.
.jpg or .jpeg: Joint Photographic Experts Group, and pronounced jay-peg. JPEG can reduce file sizes to about 5% of their normal size, although some detail is lost in the compression.
.zip: File name extension for files compressed with a PKZIP program or similar.

Address: See URL.
Apache Web Server: Often referred to as simply Apache, a public-domain open source Web server developed by a loosely-knit group of programmers. The first version of Apache, based on the NCSA http Web server, was developed in 1995. Core development of the Apache Web server is performed by a group of about 20 volunteer programmers, called the Apache Group. However, because the source code is freely available, anyone can adapt the server for specific needs, and there is a large public library of Apache add-ons. In many respects, development of Apache is similar to the development of the Linux operating system. Apache's major competitor is Microsoft's IIS.
Applet: A program designed to be executed from within another application. Unlike an application, applets cannot be executed directly from the operating system. With the growing popularity of OLE (object linking and embedding), applets are becoming more prevalent. A well-designed applet can be invoked from many different applications.
ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange. Pronounced ask-ee, ASCII is a code for representing English characters as numbers, with each letter assigned a number from 0 to 127. For example, the ASCII code for uppercase M is 77. Most computers use ASCII codes to represent text, which makes it possible to easily transfer data from one computer to another.
ASP: Active Server Pages, a specification for a dynamically created Web page with a .ASP extension that utilizes ActiveX scripting -- usually VB Script or Jscript code. When a browser requests an ASP, the Web server generates a page with HTML code and sends it back to the browser. So ASPs are similar to CGI scripts, but they enable Visual Basic programmers to work with familiar tools.
Authentication: Authentication is used to confirm the identity of the other party involved in the data transmission.
AVI: Audio/Video Interleave. Audio file format used by Microsoft Windows.

Backbone: Main high-speed network connection composing the Internet. Backbones are operated by major telecommunications companies like Sprint, MCI, or AT&T. Internet backbone maps are here.
Bandwidth: The amount of data that can be transmitted in a fixed amount of time.
Binary: Data represented in binary format that uses only two digits - 0 and 1.
Binary mode
: FTP client mode used to transfer binary files (multimedia files, executables and other data files). Not suitable for transferring normal text files.
Bit: (Binary DigIT) the smallest unit of information, comprising of either a 1 or 0.
Bit rate: The speed at which bits are transmitted over a communication link. Expressed in bits per second (bps).
Body: The part of an email message that contains the actual text of the message.
Bookmark: A way of storing a frequently visited web site address. It is then easier to access the web site in the future.
Browser: Computer program that allows a user to search the World Wide Web, and then displays the content of the web pages. Examples are Mosaic, Netscape, Mozilla, Opera and Internet Explorer.

C/C++: Popular programming languages (C++ includes objects) that can be used to create server programs that run after compilation. C and C++ were not designed specifically for web programming, but they can still be useful, especially because mature compilers producing very fast code and large code libraries already exist.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS): A style-sheet determines how the HTML document is displayed by the browser. The current version of CSS is version 2 (CSS2).
Certificate: Digital ID used for SSL transactions. It includes owner's public key, the name of the owner, the issuer, hostname, and the expiration date.
Certificate Authority: A company trusted by a browser maker that issues digital certificates that are supposed to guarantee that the company is what it claims to be for use in encrypted digital transactions through SSL. Verisign is the biggest certificate authority.
CGI: Common Gateway Interface. A standard for interfacing web servers with an executable application. A CGI program can be written in any language like Perl or C/C++ and it is often stored in a special directory like /cgi-bin. CGI is often used to process data from HTML forms.
Cgi-bin: A directory on the server where the executable CGI scripts reside.
Client: A computer program that requests a service from the server program, usually over the network.
Client/Server: A network architecture where a system is divided into two parts: the client and the server.
Cloaking: The term "cloaking" is used to describe a website that returns altered web pages to search engines crawling the site. In other words, the web server is programmed to return different content to Google than it returns to regular users, usually in an attempt to distort search engine rankings. This can mislead users about what they'll find when they click on a search result. To preserve the accuracy and quality of our search results, Google may permanently ban from our index any sites or site authors that engage in cloaking to distort their search rankings.
Clustering: Connecting many computers and making them appear as one machine. This is done to increase reliability and performance.
Co-location (colo): Putting a web server in a dedicated facility that provides high-speed Internet connection, security, environment, backup power, and technical support. Unlike the dedicated server, the client controls both hardware and software.
Cobalt RaQ: Server appliance made by Cobalt specifically for hosting companies. Newest RaQs are Linux-based and provide an easy-to-use interface. RaQs have no features that can't be had in a regular Linux box but they offer pre-installed programs and Cobalt's support. Here is the discussion forum for RaQs.
ColdFusion: ColdFusion is an easy to use server-side scripting language developed by Allaire. It comes with ColdFusion Studio, a visual IDE. Here is Allaire's ColdFusion page. Other popular server-side scripting languages are ASP. Perl, PHP, TCL, Python, and JSP.
Command-line interface: The opposite of the GUI (Graphical User Interface). A way of interacting with a computer system using the keyboard and a text-only display. Usually more powerful, but less user-friendly than a GUI.
Control Panel: A control panel is included in web hosting packages, and is an online web-based application that allows you to easily manage different aspects of your account. Most control panels will let you upload files, add email accounts, change contact information, set up shopping carts or databases, view usage statistics, etc.
Cookie: A Cookie is a piece of data that is saved in the user's browser by the web server. It is used to customize user's browsing experience.
CPU: Central Processing Unit. The most important part of the computer.

Data transfer: In Web hosting, the total size of files transferred by an account in a month. Sites with a lots of graphics, downloads, or streaming audio or video and a lot of visitors will require hosting plans with more available transfer.
Database: Data in a structured format stored on a web server. Most popular type is a relational database. The most common query (information retrieval) language for relational databases is SQL. Linux-based hosts most commonly include MySQL database and Windows NT-based hosts usually include Access or MS SQL databases.
Dedicated Server: Similar to co-location, except that you lease or rent hardware from a Web host. The main advantage over co-location is easier upgrade and usually better support. Getting a dedicated server or co-locating is necessary for sites that outgrow shared servers because they use a lot of bandwidth and resources or they require total control over software environment.
DHCP: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. An automated way of obtaining an IP address in the Local Area Network.
Dial up: Dial up access is a way of connecting a computer to the Internet using a modem and the telephone line. It is rather slow and blocks the telephone line.
DNS: Domain Name System. Internet service that maps Internet domains into corresponding IP addresses. DNS database is distributed and replicated among many DNS servers, so when you change your domain's IP address, the changes take a while to propagate.
Domain name: Domain name is an easy-to-remember address that can be translated by DNS into server's IP address. Domain names are hierarchical. Domain's suffix indicates which TLD (top level domain) it belongs to, for example .com, .gov, .org, .net, or .jp. Recently ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) added several new TLD's, like .biz, .pro., and .museum.

E-Business: An online venture that uses web and Internet technologies to conduct business activities. Also includes the expansion end enhancement of traditional business practices by means of the Internet.
Electronic Mail (E-Mail, email): One of the most popular Internet services. Basically it's the transmission of text based messages. An email message can also contain more structured elements, like tables, images and multimedia. It can also be used to send various data files, by means of attachments. You have to have an email account in order to be able to use this service.
Encryption: Encryption means encoding data using a cryptographic cipher. Encrypted data can be read (decrypted) only by an authorized entity.
Ethical Web Marketing Practices: Common search engine marketing strategies accepted by search engines that will not penalize the website or cause it to become black listed.

FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions. Lists of frequently asked questions. Answers to them are used as a way of sharing knowledge on the web. They are a very good way of finding solutions to different problems. Some companies include them in their web sites to minimize the number of Customer Support inquiries.
Fiber Optic Cable: A cable used for transmitting data as a light wave. A fiber optic cable is composed of one or more optical fibers. It is more expensive than copper wire, but offers higher transmission speeds and allows for communication over larger distances.
Filename extension: Last three or four letters of a file name that appear after the dot. Used to designate the type of file and the format used. Examples: "file.doc" for a word document or "file.jpg" for a JPEG image file.
Filtering: Screening network packets for certain properties, such as the source or destination address, protocol used or even a pattern in the data. It is used in firewalls in order to determine if the traffic is to be forwarded or rejected. Provides the basis for network security.
Finger: A Unix program used to display information about users of a system. Can be used remotely.
Firewall: Firewall refers to either software-only or a separate software and hardware combination that serves to protect an internal network or a computer from attacks and unauthorized access by sitting between the Internet and the internal network.
FrontPage Extensions: Microsoft's server-side applications that enables users of the FrontPage Web site creation tool to incorporate "web-bots" that perform pre-packaged functions like full-text Web site searching or adding a hit counter. FrontPage extensions are also available for Unix-based operating systems, but some hosts refuse to use them because of potential security holes.
FTP: File Transfer Protocol. The Internet protocol defining how to download and upload files between a client and an FTP server. Popular client FTP programs are CuteFTP and WS_FTP. Major browsers also have FTP capability.

Gateway: A network device used to translate between two different protocols. Used to interconnect two networks that use incompatible protocols.
GIF: Graphics Interchange Format. A graphic file format invented by Compuserve. One of the most widely used formats for internet and web. Uses a loss-less compression method, thus ensuring that the quality of the image is not lowered.
Gigabyte (Gb): 1024 Megabytes.
Graphical User Interface (GUI): A way of interacting with the computer that relies on graphical symbols. Most often requires a mouse. It is less powerful than the command-line interface, but is more user friendly and is easier to learn for users without a technical background.

Hit: In the WWW, "hit" is used to describe a single request made by a web browser. The data transmitted by the web server in response to the request is a text file or a binary file (images, audio, video, executables and other data).
Home Page: Main web page owned by a company, organization or an individual. This is the page that is initially displayed when the user makes a request for a particular domain name.
Host: A networked computer dedicated to providing a certain kind of service. Usually refers to a computer that stores the web site files and has a web server running on it.
HTML: Hypertext Markup Language. It is the language in which web pages are written. It allows the images to be combined with text and offers a wide range of formatting capabilities. One of the most important features of HTML is hypertext, which allows web pages to be linked to each other. HTML relies on tags, which have the following form: - an opening tag, - a closing tag. HTML code is stored in a normal text file.
HTTP: Hyper Text Transfer Protocol. The main protocol used to transfer and receive data over the World Wide Web. The latest version of HTTP is 1.1. Basic HTTP transaction involves a WWW browser connecting to a server, browser sending a request to the server specifying its capabilities and which document is requested, server responding with the required data, and closing of the connection.
Hub: A hub is a network device that is used for connecting computers on a Local Are Network (LAN). It forwards all the information packets it receives to all of its ports.
Hyperlink: A part of the web page that links to another web page. By clicking on a hyperlink, the user redirects the browser to another page. The word hyperlink is sometimes shortened to just "link".
Hypertext: A text on the web page that is linked to another web page. Browsers usually display hypertext as underlined and in blue color.

IIS: Microsoft Internet Information Server. Microsoft's Web server that comes built-in with Windows NT Server 4 and a Windows 2000 server. Here is Microsoft's IIS web site.
Image Map: An image displayed on the web page that has different areas which are hyperlinks. By clicking on different parts of the image, the browser can be redirected to another web page or display a modified version of the current one.
Internet: Not to be confused with internet (with lowercase i). The word Internet refers to all the computer networks worldwide that are connected together. TCP/IP is the de facto standard protocol set for Internet.
Internet backbone: An extremely fast network that connects major cities. Most often it utilizes T3 circuits and provides the bandwidth of 45Mbps.
InterNIC: The organization that handles domain name registrations. See http://www.internic.net/
Intranet: A part of an organization's network that is private. Only authorized individuals have access to the intranet. An intranet is very similar to the Internet in a sense that it offers the same services and uses the same protocols.
IP: Internet Protocol. The main protocol used on the Internet.
IP Address: Internet Protocol Address. A unique number identifying all devices connected to the Internet. This number is usually shown in groups of numbers from 0 to 255, separated by periods, for example: 207.46.230.218.
IP packet: The basic data chunk that can be sent over the Internet. All data is partitioned into IP packets on the sending computer and reassembled on the receiving computer.
IRC: Internet Relay Chat. Multi-user chat service. IRC users can go into public or private channels to discuss a topic or transfer files. IRC servers are connected into networks. The most popular IRC client program is mIRC. Many hosts are wary of letting customers access IRC due to security concerns, including the possibility of a denial of service attack on the whole network.
ISP: Internet Service Provider. A company that provides its subscribers with Internet access. Customers have a username and a password, and can dial-up or use a cable or DSL line to connect to the ISP's network, which is connected to the Internet. The biggest ISP is AOL.

Java: Sun's popular programming language. Java is a platform-independent (at least in theory), crash-protected, object-oriented language that can be used to write applets that run in a browser, servlets that run server-side, or independent programs. Java's syntax is similar to that of C++.
Java class files: The file or set of files that contain the code for a Java applet.
Java Servlet: Servlets are programs written in Java that run on a Web server and can produce dynamic pages. Also see JSP.
Java Virtual Machine (JVM, Java Runtime Environment): A set of programs that allow for Java applets to be run on a particular computer system.
JavaScript: Simple, client-side programming language created by Sun and Netscape. JavaScript can be embedded in HTML pages to create interactive effects and do tasks like validate form data. JavaScript is a separate language from Java. All popular modern browsers support JavaScript. A few hosts support server-side JavaScript.
JDBC: Java Database Connectivity. A mechanism allowing Java applets to access different databases.
JPEG: Joint Photographic Experts Group. An image compression format designed for the Internet. Uses loss compression, meaning that the quality of the image can be lowered.
JScript: Microsoft's implementation of ECMA Script standard based on JavaScript. Limited, object-based, interpreted scripting language. Here is the official JScript site. JScript is comparable to VBScript.
JSP: Java Server Pages. Extension of Java Servlet technology for combining Java server-side programs and HTML. JSP pages have an extension .jsp.

Kbps: Kilobits per second. 1Kbps = 1024bps.
Kilobyte (Kb): 1024 bytes.

LAN: Local Area Network. A network of devices (computers, printers, hubs) occupying a small area. Usually LAN's do not span more than one building. LAN's are very fast compared to WAN's.
Link Farm: A link farm is a Web page that is nothing more than a page of unrelated website links to other sites. The idea behind link farming is to increase the number of sites that link to yours no matter what the content of the participating sites may consist of. Most link farms will ask you to add a page of hundreds even thousands of links not relevant to your sites material and in exchange all the unrelated sites would add your link to their sites. Google, Yahoo and other major search engines considers link farming as a form of spam and have been implementing procedures to banish sites that participate in link farming.
Link Popularity: The total number of web sites that link to your site.
Linux: A free UNIX-like operating system developed by Linus Torvalds. Linux and Free BSD are very often used by hosting companies as their operating systems.
Login: An alias for an individual that is used for identification and authentication when accessing a computer system. Usually it is a sequence of characters and digits.

MAC: Media Access Control. A network protocol used to control access to a network by different devices.
MAC Address: Media Access Control Address (also hardware or physical address). Every device on the Local Area Network has a unique MAC address. It is used to identify devices and to control access to the network using MAC protocol.
Mailing List: A way of having a group discussion with list subscribers by email. Emails are sent to all list subscribers. Popular mailing list programs, like Listserv and Majordomo, allow for automated subscription and un-subscription from a mailing list. Some hosting plans allow creation of mailing lists.
Mail server: The Internet host (together with the appropriate software) that is used to send, receive and forward email messages.
MBps: MegaBytes (MB) per second, 1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes
Mbps: Megabits (Mb) per second, 1Mb = 1,048,576 bits
Megabyte (MB): 1MB = 1024 KiloBytes = 1,048,576 bytes
MHz: MegaHertz = 1.000.000 Hertz
Microsoft Access: Microsoft's low-end relational database that is included with the MS Office suite. Cheaper NT hosting plans sometimes include MS Access database.
Microsoft SQL Server: Microsoft's high-end SQL database running on the Windows systems.
MIME: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions. A method of including binary data and other multimedia content within email messages.
Mirror site: An FTP site that stores the exact content of another site. Mirroring is done in order to minimize the load on a particular server and also to increase reliability.
MP3: An extremely popular loss audio compression format. Widely used over the Internet.
MPEG: Motion Picture Experts Group. Video compression format for movies or animations.
mSQL (Mini SQL): Light-weight relational database.
Multicast: A message that is sent to a specific group of hosts.
MySQL: Most popular open-source relational database. Many Unix-based plans allow MySQL databases.

Network: A group of electronic devices connected together that are able to communicate with each other.
Newsgroup: A virtual Internet place where people exchange thoughts, ideas and interests, amuse themselves and do a zillion other things, all by means of text messages.
Newsreader: An application that allows one to use newsgroups.
NIC: Network Interface Card. A part of the computer hardware responsible for connecting a particular machine to the local area network.
NNTP: Network News Transfer Protocol. An Internet protocol that describes how newsgroup messages are distributed, stored, posted and retrieved.

OC-1, OC-3, OC-12, OC-24, OC-48: Optical Carrier transmission speeds, used in fiber optic networks conforming to SONET standard. OC-1 is 51.85 Mbps. Higher levels are multiples of that speed.
ODBC: Open Database Connectivity. A standard that allows applications to access different databases in a uniform way.
Offline: The state of the computer when it is not connected to the network (i.e. it is not online).
Online: The state of a computer when it is connected to the network and can communicate with other machines.
Operating system: A software heart of the computer. It is a set of programs that manages the hardware resources of a computer, provides the environment for application programs to run and provides the user interface. Most known operating systems are: different flavors of Unix (SunOs, HP-UX, Irix, Free BSD, Linux, ect.), Mac OS and Windows.

Organic “Natural” Search Engine Marketing

Otherwise known as Organic SEO, which is a collaborative of various Search Engine Optimization (SEO) techniques. These techniques if done naturally will eventually get your site listed for FREE within search engine search results pages for web sites recognized keywords and phrases. “Organic SEO" refers to the manual type of page optimization vs. automatic submittal and pay per click campaigns or sponsored links, which will require daily budget expenditure to the search engines. See kosmos SEO Optimization Plans for more information. Plans range from small entrepreneur to corporate search engine optimization strategies.

Perl: Open source CGI scripting programming language. Written in 1987. Still one of the most popular web programming languages mostly due to its powerful text-manipulation facilities. A huge number of Perl scripts are available for download.
PHP: PHP is a free, open-source server-side scripting language. PHP code can be embedded in HTML. PHP files usually have extensions like .php or .php3. The PHP language style is similar to C and Java.Other popular server-side scripting languages are ASP, Perl, ColdFusion, TCL, Python, and JSP.
Plug-in: An add-on piece of software that can extend the features of an existing application. For example, Netscape browser plug-ins allow the display of new types of web content that the browser can't display on its own.
POP: Post Office Protocol. Popular but inflexible email retrieval standard. All messages are downloaded at the name time and can only be manipulated on a client machine. Current version is POP3.
Port: A socket on the computer or other network device used to connect it to the network.
Protocol: A set of rules that allows two parties to communicate. The TCP/IP protocol suite is the basis of today's Internet.
Python: Interpreted programming language, sometimes offered by hosts for server-side scripting.

RAID: Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disks. Type of disk often used on servers, where several physical disks are combined into an array for better speed and fault tolerance. Level 0 implements data striping where file blocks are written to separate drives. Does not provide fault tolerance because failure of one drive will result in data loss.; Level 1 - implements data mirroring. Data is duplicated on two drives either through software or hardware. Provides faster read performance than a single drive.; Level 2 - not used in practice. Data is split at bit level at written to multiple drives.; Level 3 - requires at least 3 drives. Data block is striped at byte level across drives and error correction codes (parity info) is recorded on another drive. Provides fault tolerance but slower writing performance.; Level 4 - Similar to Level 3 but provides faster performance because it uses blocks for striping. Level 5 - Similar to Level 4 but improves performance but also striping parity info across multiple drives.; Level 6 - Similar to Level 5 but also uses second parity scheme for better fault tolerance. Level 7 - Proprietary RAID design by Storage Computer Corporation. Faster than other levels because it uses multiple levels of cache and asynchronous I/O transfers. In addition multiple RAID levels can be combined to improve performance or reliability.
Raw Logs: Raw access data updated in real-time that can be downloaded and used by any statistics program. Typically, each line shows the user's IP, date and time of the access, what kind of request was done, which document was requested, HTTP status code, bytes transferred, referrer, and user agent info. If a host doesn't have statistics, you'll need access to raw logs to identify who your site's visitors are. Analyzing raw logs can also provide a more detailed look at site accesses than stats.
Reciprocal Link Popularity: A measure of the quantity and quality of sites that exchange links with each other.
Referral Links Campaign: The process of acquiring industry related links with targeted keywords to point at a website. Each referral, if industry related will help increase a properly optimized sites rankings within a search engine's search results pages.
Reseller: Resellers are usually smaller companies trying to build their customers base. They don't own the server with user accounts but can perform most administrative functions.
Router: A network device (can be a dedicated computer) that is used to connect two or more networks together and route packets between them.

S/MIME: Secure Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions. A way of making email messages more secure. S/MIME uses digital certificates to attest the message origin and encryption to ensure that a message could not be read while in transit.
Scripting Language: A programming language in which programs are the series of commands that are interpreted, and then executed one by one. Doesn't require the compilation phase, for the price of lower performance.
Search engine: An Internet service that stores a vast number of web pages and allows for fast searching among them. Also, a piece of software that implements a web site search functionality.
Search Engine Friendly Website: A web site designed, written, and formatted to be easily found within the search engines.
SEO or Search Engine Optimization: The process of designing, writing and formatting a website and individual pages to ensure that a site is accessible to a search engine, and as a result improves the chances of that website being found within search engine results pages.
Search engine spam: Any attempt to deceive a search engine's relevancy algorithm is considered spamming.
Server: A networked computer that handles client requests for Web pages.
Service Provider: A company that provides access to the Internet, usually for a fee.
Session: All the data exchanged between two parties, starting when the connection is established and ending when the connection terminates.
Setup fee: Initial fee charged by a host to set up your hosting account. You can use our Price Search to minimize your costs over a period of time, including the setup fee.
Shopping Cart: Software that allows users to select products from a Web catalog, modify their choices, calculate prices, review their choices, and order them. Many hosts with eCommerce plans offer installed shopping carts, but you can always get a shopping cart of your choice instead.
SHTTP: Secure HTTP. A version of HTTP protocol that uses encryption to assure that the traffic between the server and the browser cannot be eavesdropped on. Should be considered mandatory for all eCommerce applications.
Signature: A few lines of text that are automatically attached at the end of each email message by the email client. Usually, it's some personal identification or an (un)interesting quote.
Signed applet: An applet that has a digital signature to confirm that it originated from the legitimate server.
SMTP: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. Very popular protocol used to transfer email messages across Internet mail servers.
Spam: Unsolicited email sent in mass quantities to multiple recipients, most often for marketing purposes. Highly annoying and constituting one of the most serious netiquette violations.
Sponsored Links: Are Paid Per Click text based ads that appear at the very top and on the right hand side of search engine results for Google, Yahoo and MSN after a keyword or phrase is performed.
SQL: Structured Query Language. Limited programming language used for updating and performing queries on relational databases. All databases share a common subset of SQL. Most popular SQL databases available with hosting plans are MySQL and MS SQL.
SSH: Secure Shell. Developed by SSH Communications Security, it is a standard for encrypted terminal Internet connections. SSH programs provide strong authentication and encrypted communications, replacing less secure access methods like telnet.
SSI: Server-Side Includes. Instructs the server to include some dynamic information in a Web page before it is sent to a client. This dynamic information could be current date, an opinion poll, etc. Many hosts require that SSI pages have a .shtml extension to reduce the load on servers by not having to parse non-SSI pages.
SSL: Secure Sockets Layer. Protocol developed by Netscape to provide encryption for commercial transactions data that should be protected while traveling over the Internet, like credit card numbers. SSL uses https protocol. Before using SSL in commerce, you'll also need to get a certificate from a Certificate Authority.
Static (or dedicated) IP: If a host offers a static IP, it means that your site will be assigned a unique and unchanging IP address. See the FAQ for some possible advantages of using a static IP.
Streaming: Playing multimedia files (audio and video) without requiring a full download. Audio and video are compressed but they still may require a lot of bandwidth. Most popular streaming media formats are Real Audio/Video.
Sub domain: Sub domain is a way to divide your site into sections with short and easy to remember names. For example, a section of this site for new users could be at newbie.kosmoscentral.com Other use of sub domains might be to let somebody else use your account (but this may not be allowed by your host's terms of use). Large web sites might make their sub domains point to another server to reduce load on the main www site.
Surfing: Using world wide web is often referred to as "surfing the web".
Switch: A switch is a network device that forwards packets. Switches are more intelligent than hubs in a sense that they forward packets only to the necessary ports and not to all ports.

T1: Dedicated telecommunications line providing 1.5 Mbps of bandwidth. Consisting of 24 individual channels and 64 Kbps each, it can be configured for voice or data transmission. T1 lines can be leased by businesses that require a dedicated Net connection with higher reliability than a DSL and faster than an ISDN line, but they can be quite expensive.
T3: Dedicated telecommunications line providing 44 Mbps of bandwidth. T3 lines are often used by ISP's to connect to the Internet backbone.
TCP: Transmission Control Protocol. The most important of the network protocols used in the Internet.
TCP/IP: Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. This protocol suite is the de facto standard for today's Internet. TCP is a higher level protocol that runs on top of the IP protocol.
Telnet: Character-based protocol for connecting with remote systems. Still popular among hosts, but it is being replaced by a much more secure SSH access.
Terabyte (TB): 1024 gigabytes.
Traceroute: A computer program that lists network hosts visited by a packet on the way to its destination. Very useful for network debugging.
Traffic: Data packets being transmitted over a network.

Unix: A family of multi-user operating systems, first developed by AT&T Bell Laboratories in the 1970s and then licensed to many universities. A basis for Linux, a very popular operating system among web hosts.
UPS: Uninterruptible Power Supply. UPS keeps the server running on a battery for several minutes after a power outage, allowing for a clean shutdown without loss of data. UPS can also shield the server from line voltage spikes and drops.
URL: Abbreviation of Uniform Resource Locator, the global address of documents and other resources on the World Wide Web.

VBScript: Microsoft Visual Basic Scripting Edition. Interpreted scripting language (subset of MS Visual Basic language) for creating scripts that can be embedded in HTML pages or for creating ActiveX Controls. Meant as an alternative to JavaScript. VBScript is comparable to JScript.
Virus: A virus is a malicious program written to do as much harm as possible. Viruses can spread themselves over a network.

WAV: An audio file format. Very accurate, but offers no compression, thus resulting in very large files.
Webmaster: A person responsible for the maintenance of a particular web site.
Whois: An Internet service allowing one to obtain the information about the domain name owner.
Wide Area Network (WAN): A set of computers that are too far apart to constitute a LAN. In fact, WAN's are very often composed of a number of Local Area Networks interconnected together.
WWW: World Wide Web (or Web) is the most popular Internet service. It allows access to information and services from web servers. A web browser is needed to use the Web.

XML: Extensible Markup Language. A meta-language, abbreviated version of SGML, used to specify other document types used on the Web. Accepted as a format in 1998 to replace dependence on HTML extensions. MSIE 5.5 and Netscape 6 both support XML.
XML processor: A program that can access the contents of XML documents.

Glossary

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